Tra từ exam - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

exam [exam exams] BrE [ɪɡˈzæm] NAmE [ɪɡˈzæm] (also formal exam·in·ation) noun
1. a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can do
•to take an exam
•to pass/fail an exam
•an exam paper
• I got my exam results today.
• A lot of students suffer from exam nerves.
• (BrE)I hate doing exams.
• (BrE, formal)to sit an exam
• (BrE)to mark an exam
• (NAmE)to grade an exam
• (BrE)She did well in her exams.
• (NAmE)She did well on her exams.
2. (NAmE)a medical test of a particular part of the body
•an eye exam
See also: ↑examination

Culture:
exams
Greater emphasis is placed on examination results in Britain than in many other countries. Most universities and employers still rely mainly on exam results for evidence of a person’s academic ability.
Children in England complete National Curriculum Tests, (still often called by their former name, standard assessment tasks or SATs) at ages 7 and 11 as part of the National Curriculum. These tests are set nationally and results can be compared across the country. In a very few areas children take an ↑eleven-plus exam to decide where they will go for their secondary education.
In secondary schools exams are usually held at the end of each school year to assess students’ progress. The most important exams are the national ↑GCSE exams that children take at 16. Schools are free to choose which of several examination boards they use to set and mark GCSE exams. Exams are marked on a seven-point scale, A to G, with an additional grade, A*, being awarded to those who reach the highest standard and U for ‘unclassified’. Final grades may also be based on continuous assessment, i.e. marks gained for essays and project work during the course, as well as on a student’s performance in the exam. Many students take GCSE exams in seven or eight subjects, sometimes more. Diploma exams offer an alternative to GCSE and A level exams and are based on more practical work as preparation for particular jobs.
Students who do well in their GCSEs usually go on to take ↑A level exams two years later. Exams are marked on a five-point scale, A to E, with an additional grade, A*, and U for ‘unclassified’, as at GCSE. Most study four or five subjects at AS level in the first year and then three at A2 level in the second year. They must achieve reasonably high grades in order to be offered a place at university.
In Scotland students sit Scottish Qualification Certificate exams which, at Standard Grade, are the equivalent of GCSEs. The highest grade is A. A year later students take the higher grade, Highers. After a further year some students take Advanced Highers.
Students from other countries who wish to study at university in Britain must show a knowledge of English and the most common test for this purpose is an ↑IELTS test.
At university students work towards a degree, and most courses end in a series of exams called finals. Many take an honours degree which is awarded in one of several classes. The highest class is a first. The second class is often split between upper second and lower second (a 2:1 and a 2:2), and below that is the third class. If a student does not meet the standard for an honours degree, he or she may be awarded a pass degree.
In the US there are no national exams like those in Britain. Students at school and university usually take one or more exams as part of their grade assessment (= a mark from A to E or F showing how well they have done) for each class. At colleges and universities these exams are often called midterms or finals, and during the year students have exams in all or most of their classes.
People who wish to study at a US university usually have to take one of several standardized tests. Students going to university for the first time may take the ↑SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) or the ↑ACT (American College Test). People who want to do a higher degree may take the ↑GRE (Graduate Record Examination), ↑LSAT (Law School Admission Test) or ↑MCAT (Medical College Admission Test), depending on what they want to study. Students from other countries must usually show a knowledge of English and the most common test for this purpose is the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Standardized tests often do not test how much people know about a subject, but how strong their skills are in areas like reading and solving problems. People do not pass or fail but instead each college or university decides on the lowest score it will accept. Test scores are never the only factor to be considered in deciding whether to offer a place to a student.
Some professions require people to pass special exams before they are qualified to practise. Lawyers in the US, for example, must pass the bar exam in the state in which they wish to work, to show that they know the laws of that state.

Thesaurus:
exam noun C
•The geography exam is on Thursday.
test • • assessment • • oral • |BrE paper • • practical • |especially AmE quiz • |formal examination •
a/an exam/test/quiz/examination on sth
a chemistry/geography, etc. exam/test/paper/practical/quiz/examination
take/pass/fail a/an exam/test/assessment/oral/paper/practical/quiz/examination
Exam or test? An exam is an important test at school or college, usually at the end of a year, semester or course of study; a test is sth that students might be given at any point, covering only part of the material. Test is also usually used for tests of practical skill or physical or mental ability rather than academic knowledge
•an IQ test
• (BrE) a driving test
• (AmE) a driver's test

Collocations:
Education
Learning
acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/(BrE) (some) qualifications
receive/provide sb with training/tuition
develop/design/plan a curriculum/(especially BrE) course/(NAmE) program/syllabus
give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar
hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop
sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons
School
go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school
be in the first, second, etc. (NAmE) grade/(especially BrE) year (at school)
study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.
(BrE) leave/finish/drop out of/ (NAmE) quit school
(NAmE) graduate high school/college
Problems at school
be the victim/target of bullying
(BrE) play truant from/ (both BrE, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)
(both especially NAmE) skip/cut class/school
(BrE) cheat in/(NAmE) cheat on an exam/a test
get/be given a detention (for doing sth)
be expelled from/be suspended from school
Work and exams
do your homework/(BrE) revision/a project on sth
work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/(NAmE) a paper
finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework
hand in/ (NAmE) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper
study/prepare/ (BrE) revise/ (NAmE) review/ (NAmE, informal) cram for a test/an exam
take/ (both BrE) do/sit a test/an exam
(especially BrE) mark/ (especially NAmE) grade homework/a test
(BrE) do well in/ (NAmE) do well on/ (informal, especially NAmE) ace a test/an exam
pass/fail/ (informal, especially NAmE) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject
University
apply to/get into/go to/start college/(BrE) university
leave/graduate from law school/college/(BrE) university (with a degree in computer science)
study for/take/ (BrE) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics
(both NAmE) major/minor in biology/philosophy
earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics

More About:
exams
Exam is the usual word for a written, spoken or practical test at school or college, especially an important one that you need to do in order to get a qualification. Examination is a very formal word. A test is something that students might be given in addition to, or sometimes instead of, regular exams, to see how much they have learned. A very short informal test is called a quiz in NAmE. Quiz in both NAmE and BrE also means a contest in which people try to answer questions: ▪ a trivia quiz ◇ ▪ a quiz show.

Example Bank:
•As soon as the exams are over I'm going on holiday.
•Candidates found cheating in any exam will be disqualified from all their exams.
•Candidates found cheating in/on any exam will be disqualified.
•Girls are doing better than boys in every school exam.
•He did badly in his history exam.
•I can't go out because I'm revising for end of year exams.
•I did badly in the mock exam but passed the real thing.
•I had an eye exam.
•I just finished my last law school exam.
•I want to do well in my exams.
•I wrote two awful essays and was lucky to scrape through the exam.
•In spite of her worries, she passed the exam with flying colours.
•Most students suffer from exam nerves to some extent.
•She performed a thorough exam and didn't find anything unusual.
•The doctor will then perform a physical exam on the child.
•The exam format has been changed to include multiple choice questions.
•The final exam is set by a board of professors.
•The follow-up exams showed the baby was healthy.
•The midterm exams are coming up.
•The regional exam boards all get together regularly to ensure equal standards.
•The regional exam boards try to ensure equal standards.
•There is a subdued atmosphere in the school at exam time.
•We had an English exam on this play.
•We had to study to do well on the exam.
•When do you sit your final exams?
•You should have a clinical breast exam every year.
•a Master's program's comprehensive exam
•an exam for nurses
•an exam for school leavers
•an exam in chemistry
•an ultrasound exam of the baby
•students who passed the national teacher certification exam
•the California high-school exit exam
•the New York state bar exam
•A lot of students suffer from exam nerves.
•He's practising hard for his piano exam.
•I got my exam grades/scores today.
•She did well in her exams.
•to grade an exam