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Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th
reason



rea·son [reason reasons reasoned reasoning] noun, verb BrE [ˈriːzn] NAmE [ˈriːzn]
noun
1. countable a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done
~ (why…) I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
Give me one good reason why I should help you.
~ (that…) We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
~ (for sth) She gave no reasons for her decision.
~ (for doing sth) I have no particular reason for doubting him.
He said no but he didn't give a reason.
For some reason (= one that I don't know or don't understand) we all have to come in early tomorrow.
The man attacked me for no apparent reason.
She resigned for personal reasons.
For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.
He wants to keep them all in his office for reasons best known to himself.
people who, for whatever reason, are unable to support themselves
‘Why do you want to know?’ ‘ No reason (= I do not want to say why).
‘Why did she do that?’ ‘She must have her reasons (= secret reasons which she does not want to tell).
• (formal)He was excused by reason of (= because of) his age.
2. uncountable a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth
~ (to do sth) They have reason to believe that he is lying.
We have every reason (= have very good reasons) to feel optimistic.
You have no reason to accuse him of laziness.
~ (why…) There is no reason why we should agree to this.
~ (for sth/for doing sth) This result gives us all the more reason for optimism.
She complained, with reason (= rightly), that she had been underpaid.
3. uncountable the power of the mind to think in a logical way, to understand and have opinions, etc
Only human beings are capable of reason (= of thinking in a logical way, etc.).
to lose your reason (= become mentally ill)
the conflict between faith and reason
4. uncountable what is possible, practical or right
I can't get her to listen to reason.
Why can't they see reason?
to be open to reason (= to be willing to accept sensible advice)
He's looking for a job and he's willing to do anything within reason.
more at there's no rhyme or reason to/for sthwithout rhyme or reason at rhyme n.

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French reisun (noun), raisoner (verb), from a variant of Latin ratio(n-), from the verb reri ‘consider’.

Thesaurus:
reason noun
1. C, U
I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
explanation • • motive • • need • • cause • • grounds • • basis • • argument • • case • • excuse • • justification • • pretext
(a/an) reason/explanation/motive/need/cause/grounds/basis/argument/case/excuse/justification/pretext for sth
the reason/motive behind sth
the reason/grounds/basis/argument/excuse/justification/pretext that…
(a) good/valid reason/explanation/motive/cause/grounds/argument/case/excuse/justification
give/offer (sb) a/an reason/explanation/excuse/justification/pretext
2. U
I can't get her to listen to reason.
logic • • rationality • • reasoning
the reason/logic/rationality in sth
see/defy reason/(the) logic

Language Bank:
therefore
Ways of saying ‘For this reason…’
Today's children eat more junk food and get less exercise than previous generations of children. It is not surprising, therefore , that rates of childhood obesity are on the increase.
Children who grow up on a diet of junk food find it difficult to change this habit later in life. It is essential, therefore , that parents encourage healthy eating from an early age.
Children who grow up on a diet of junk food find it difficult to change this habit later in life. For this reason , / This is why it is essential that children eat healthily from an early age.
Eating habits formed in childhood tend to continue into adult life. Thus , the best way to prevent heart disease among adults is to encourage healthy eating from an early age.
Eating habits formed in childhood tend to continue into adult life, hence the importance of encouraging healthy eating from an early age.
Language Banks at ↑because of, ↑cause, ↑consequently, ↑emphasis, ↑vital

Synonyms:
reason
explanation • grounds • basis • excuse • motive • justification • pretext
These are all words for a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done.
reason • a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth: He said no but he didn't give a reason.
explanation • a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth: The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. She left the room abruptly without explanation.
grounds • (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth: You have no grounds for complaint.
basis • (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action: On what basis will this decision be made?
excuse • a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons: Late again! What's your excuse this time? It gave me an excuse to take the car.
motive • a reason that explains sb's behaviour: There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
justification • (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done: I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.
grounds or justification?
Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law: moral/economic grounds.
pretext • (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason: He left the party early on the pretext of having to work.
(a/an) reason/explanation/grounds/basis/excuse/motive/justification/pretext for sth
the reason/motive behind sth
on the grounds/basis/pretext of/that…
(a) good/valid reason/explanation/grounds/excuse/motive/justification

Example Bank:
For reasons of security, you are requested to keep your baggage with you at all times.
For some odd reason, he found it really funny.
For some unexplained reason the pilot jettisoned all his fuel shortly after take-off.
For unknown reasons, the ship sank in the middle of the ocean.
He got angry for no reason.
He married her for all the wrong reasons.
He saw many reasons to be hopeful.
He seems to have lost all sense and reason.
He was attacked for no apparent reason.
He was beyond all reason.
He was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
I can think of several reasons why this might happen.
I don't know why he did that, but I'm sure he had his reasons.
I don't see any reason why you can't come with us.
I have no reason to believe that she was lying to me.
I know you're angry with me, and you have every reason to be.
I tried to persuade her, but she just wouldn't listen to reason.
I was never good at playing the trumpet for the simple reason that I never practised.
I'll lend you the money you need— within reason, of course!
If he's unwell, that's all the more reason to go and see him.
In the letter she carefully set out her reasons for leaving.
Isolation and loneliness are common reasons for depression.
It stands to reason that she wouldn't want them to find out about her personal problems.
It stands to reason= it is logical that she wouldn't want them to find out about her personal problems.
It's difficult to pinpoint the reasons for her success.
People buy things for all sorts of reasons.
She did not tell him the real reason for her change of heart.
She was always the voice of reason, persuading him not to buy things they couldn't afford.
Sometimes he does things that defy reason.
Surely there is no earthly reason why you wouldn't want to come with us?
The company's stated reason for firing him was misconduct.
The only reason I didn't become a professional golfer was because of my family commitments.
The reasons for her decision soon became clear.
The residents hope that an appeal to reason will end the rioting.
The residents hope that an appeal to reason= asking the rioters to be reasonable will end the rioting.
The underlying reasons for these differences will be explored in depth in the next chapter.
There are obvious reasons against such a move.
There is ample reason to be optimistic about the economy.
There is an assumption that a state will protect its citizens. That is the very reason for the existence of states.
There's no rhyme or reason to the new opening hours.
There's no rhyme or reason= logic to the new opening hours.
There's one big reason why this won't work: cost.
They complained about the food, and with good reason.
They didn't give any reason for the delay.
This article lists the most common reasons why people pay too much tax.
Tom's problem was that he lacked confidence; Ed failed for precisely the opposite reason.
We are trying to uncover the reasons behind her decision.
We possess the human faculty of reason.
We see no reason why this band shouldn't be a huge success.
You don't have any reason to complain.
You have little reason to be pleased with yourself.
You're asking me to help, and that's the exact reason I came.
dismissal for reasons unconnected with misconduct
people who, for whatever reason, are unable to support themselves
persons in need of care by reason of old age
procedures carried out for reasons of national security
‘Why did she do that?’ ‘She must have her reasons ’.
For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.
For some reason we all have to come in early tomorrow.
He said no but he didn't give a reason.
He wants to keep them all in his office for reasons best known to himself.
I can't get her to listen to reason.
I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
I'm willing to do anything — within reason — to get my case heard.
It stands to reason that people leave if you don't pay them enough.
She complained, with reason, that she had been underpaid.
She resigned for personal reasons.
We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
Why can't they see reason?
Idiom:it stands to reason
Derived:reason something out reason with somebody
 
verb
1. transitive, intransitive ~ (that…) | + speech to form a judgement about a situation by considering the facts and using your power to think in a logical way
She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
They couldn't fire him, he reasoned. He was the only one who knew how the system worked.
2. intransitive to use your power to think and understand
the human ability to reason
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French reisun (noun), raisoner (verb), from a variant of Latin ratio(n-), from the verb reri ‘consider’.

Example Bank:
They couldn't fire him, he reasoned. He was the only one who knew how the system worked.
They reasoned, correctly, that the enemy would not attempt an attack at night.

 

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