hardship

Từ điển WordNet v3.1 - WordNet Dictionary

noun

1. a state of misfortune or affliction (Freq. 1)
- debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity
- a life of hardship
• Syn:
adversity, hard knocks
• Derivationally related forms:
adverse (for: adversity)
• Hypernyms:
misfortune, bad luck, tough luck, ill luck
• Hyponyms:
ill-being, catastrophe, disaster, extremity, distress,
affliction, victimization, nadir, low-water mark
2. something hard to endure (Freq. 1)
- the asperity of northern winters
• Syn:
asperity, grimness, rigor, rigour, severity,
severeness, rigorousness, rigourousness
• Derivationally related forms:
severe (for: severeness), grim (for: grimness)
• Hypernyms:
difficulty, difficultness
• Hyponyms:
sternness
3. something that causes or entails suffering
- "I cannot think it a hardship that more indulgence is allowed to men than to women"- James Boswell
- the many hardships of frontier life
• Hypernyms:
misfortune, bad luck

• Từ đồng nghĩa / Synonyms:
  asperity, grimness, rigor, rigour, severity, severeness, rigorousness, rigourousness, adversity, hard knocks