Tra từ illness - Từ điển Oxford Learners Wordfinder Dictionary

1 being ill
2 becoming ill
3 signs of illness
4 different kinds of illness
5 becoming better after illness
6 being well
mental illness MIND
see also DOCTOR, HOSPITAL, MEDICINE, OPERATION, PAIN

1 being ill
- not in good health: not well (not before a noun), ill (not before a noun), unwell (not before a noun), sick
She's not looking very well. ◎ He was feeling ill. ◎ She has been unwell for several years. ◎ a sick child
- not having or showing good health: unhealthy
He looked pale and unhealthy.
- (used about a part of the body) affected by illness: diseased
The surgeon removed the diseased kidney.
Note: in British English to be sick means to bring up food from the stomach. In AmE it means the same as to be ill. In both BrE and AmE sick is used before a noun to mean ill.
- the state of being ill: illness (noun U), sickness (noun U)
mental illness ◎ unable to work due to hunger and sickness
- a type or period of ill health: illness
Tuberculosis is a serious illness but it can be treated quite easily. ◎ His illness had kept him in bed for more than a week.
- illness of the body in humans, animals or plants: disease (noun C/U)
attempts to prevent the spread of disease
- the state of being unable to use part of your body properly: disability (noun C/U)
She copes very well with her disabilities. ◎ physical/mental disability
Note: illness is a more common word than disease and often refers to the experience of being ill. Disease is used especially to refer to a particular illness which has a name.
※ serious illness
- a short period when you suffer badly from a disease: attack (of sth)
He suffered an asthma attack/an attack of asthma.
- very ill: seriously ill; how badly ill sb is: seriousness (noun U)
He's not seriously ill. ◎ The doctor doubted the seriousness of his condition.
- a very bad illness: serious illness
- more ill: worse; verb: worsen
I'm afraid she's worse today. ◎ His condition worsened during the night.
- dangerously ill: critically ill
She's critically ill in hospital.
- an illness that causes or ends in death is fatal
This disease is usually fatal.
- an illness that is likely to end in death is terminal (adverb terminally)
terminally ill
※ people who are ill
- to have an illness: have (got) sth, suffer from sth
They think he's got cancer. ◎ He's been suffering from asthma most of his life.
- a person who is receiving medical treatment: patient
- a person who has been very ill for a long time and needs to be looked after by sb else: invalid
He's been an invalid since the accident.
- a person who is unable to use part of his/her body properly is disabled
disabled people
- people who are ill: the sick
The sick were being treated in a temporary hospital.
- often ill: sickly
a sickly child
- an example of sb who is ill with a disease: case
Cases of cholera are rare in Britain.

2 becoming ill
- to start being ill: be taken ill, fall* ill
He was taken ill on his way home.
- to start being ill with a particular illness: catch* sth, come* down with sth, get* sth, (formal) contract sth
I've caught a cold. ◎ He came down with malaria. ◎ She's got hay fever again. ◎ Several of the tourists had contracted dysentery.
- to be in the first stages of an illness: sicken for sth
You seem to be sickening for something - perhaps it's flu.
※ causes of illness
- a disease that can easily move from one person to another is infectious, (informal) catching
Flu is very infectious. ◎ Is she very ill? I hope it's not catching.
- if you have a disease that can easily move to another person, you are infectious
- a disease that you can get by touching sb or sth is contagious
Measles is a contagious disease.
- if you have a disease that others can get by touching you, you are contagious
Is he still contagious?
- to cause sb or sth to have a disease: infect sb/sth; the process or result of becoming infected: infection (noun U)
I must have got infected by drinking that water. ◎ A dirty water supply can be a source of infection.
- a very small living thing that causes disease: virus; small living things that exist in the air, soil, people's bodies etc and which sometimes cause disease: bacteria (noun plural); a general word for viruses and bacteria: germ
The virus that causes Aids is called HIV. ◎ Germs spread in dirty places.
- dirty and likely to cause disease: insanitary, unhygienic
living in very unhygienic conditions
- when a disease moves from one person to another, it spreads*; noun: spread
They're trying desperately to prevent the spread of the disease.
- a time when many people in one area suddenly get a disease: epidemic, outbreak
a flu epidemic ◎ an outbreak of cholera
- if you become ill when you eat, touch or breathe sth that does not normally make other people ill, you have an allergy (to sth), you are allergic (to sth)
an allergy to cats/shellfish/pollen ◎ I'm allergic to goat's milk.
※ preventing disease
- keeping yourself and things around clean, so as to avoid the spread of disease: hygiene (noun U); adjective: hygienic; opposite: unhygienic
You need high standards of hygiene when you are preparing food. ◎ It's more hygienic to use paper tissues.
- if you are protected from a disease, you are immune (to it); noun (U): immunity (to sth)
You should be immune to measles if you've had it already.
- to destroy a disease: wipe sth out, (formal) eradicate sth
Smallpox has been completely wiped out.
※ medicines which prevent disease MEDICINE

3 signs of illness
- a change in your body that is a sign of illness: symptom (of sth)
Spots are one of the symptoms of measles.
- to have a very hot body: have/run* a temperature, (especially AmE) have a fever; adjective: feverish
I think I've got a temperature. ◎ She was running a temperature. ◎ He looked feverish.
- to measure a person's temperature: take* sb's temperature
The nurse took her temperature; it was 40※°.
- an instrument for measuring sb's temperature: thermometer
- if you feel ill in your stomach, you feel* sick
- to bring food up from the stomach and out of the mouth: be sick, throw* up, (formal) vomit
The children were all sick in the back of the car.
- a pain in your stomach: stomach-ache (noun C/U), (informal) tummy-ache (noun C/U)
I've got a tummy-ache.
- waste matter from the bowels coming out very often, partly in liquid form: diarrhoea (AmE diarrhea)(noun U)
※ illness in the stomach STOMACH
- aches in other parts of the body PAIN
- to send air out of your mouth and throat with a sudden loud noise: cough; verb: cough
- to breathe noisily and with difficulty: wheeze
- a small red mark on your skin: spot
- a group of spots that cover an area of skin: rash
- a place on the body that is bigger or fatter than usual: swelling
- a diseased lump that grows in or on a person's body: growth, (formal) tumour (AmE tumor); one that can lead to death is malignant
- a sore area on the inside or outside of the body which is very painful and can bleed: ulcer
stomach ulcers ◎ a mouth ulcer
- if you feel that you are about to become unconscious, you feel faint; to become unconscious suddenly: faint, (informal) pass out
I feel faint; I must sit down. ◎ He used to faint at the sight of blood. ◎ She passed out when she heard the news.
- the feeling that everything is going round and that you are going to fall: dizziness (noun U); adjective: dizzy
- a sudden attack of certain diseases, in which you become unconscious: fit
an epileptic fit
- a condition of extreme weakness caused by damage to the body: shock (noun U)
to be in shock
- being unable to move the body or part of it: paralysis (noun U); to cause paralysis: paralyse sb/sth
complete paralysis from the neck down ◎ The stroke paralysed his left arm.
- a medical test that shows that a disease is present in sb is positive; opposite: negative
All the tests were negative. ◎ The results of the test were positive.

4 different kinds of illness
- a disease caused by germs: infection
a viral infection ◎ a throat infection
- one of many diseases in which the body becomes very hot: fever (noun U)
yellow fever ◎ rheumatic fever
- a very serious disease in which lumps grow in the body in an uncontrolled way: cancer (noun U)
cancer of the lung ◎ breast cancer
- an illness that quickly reaches its worst stage and does not usually last long is an acute illness
acute appendicitis
- an illness that continues for a long time is chronic
chronic bronchitis
- a disease that can be cured is curable; opposite: incurable
※ types of illnesses, see table on page 229